Biological Preparations

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Biodegradation

Bacteria produce enzymes to break down complex molecules into smaller, simpler compounds.

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Residual Cleaning

The beneficial effects of bacteria are by no means restricted to short-term action. When introduced into suitable areas for their growth, bacteria will colonise the site of application and produce enzymes for the breakdown of organic matter. Like many species, our bacteria also prefer to grow as biofilms. A biofilm is a layer of microbes attached to a surface in a polysaccharide matrix which they produce. Once established and particularly when continually topped up with beneficial bacteria from continued use of the products, this results in continuous and long-term release of enzymes, breakdown of organic matter and reduction of odours. Hence there is a residual effect and element of protection, as any new organic matter deposited on the surface is quickly broken down. Areas cleaned with microbial products stay cleaner and free of odours for longer!

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Bioaugmentation

Bioaugmentation is the addition of suitable microbes in order to improve or speed up a particular biological reaction and we use the term for applications where our technology results in improvements to existing reactions or processes. This is the case for example in our biological silage inoculants, compost accelerators or amenity and horticultural products.

Silage consists of grass, wholecrop cereals, maize or similar crops which have been chopped and fermented in airtight silos in order to preserve the forage and allow it to be fed out to animals over rest of the year. The use of silage inoculants, containing certain free enzymes and high levels of certain lactic acid bacteria, will greatly improve silage quality and promote aerobic stability.

Free B-glucanase and xylanase enzymes break down cellulose and hemicellulose, opening up plant fibres and providing a greater surface area for microbial attack. Along with free amylase which breaks down starch, this also provides higher levels of sugar for subsequent fermentation.

Homofermentative lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecium ferment sugars to lactic acid, rapidly reducing the pH of the silage and inhibiting spoilage organisms which would otherwise result in a poor fermentation profile.

For higher dry matter crops this is followed by the action of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus buchneri, which ferment sugars to lactic acid as well as acetic acid and a cocktail of other metabolites which work together to inhibit yeasts and moulds, preventing heating, mould and significant dry matter losses at the face of the silo and when the material is fed out to animals.

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Deep Cleaning

It is clear that bacteria are extremely small in size - individual cells of Bacillus for example, may be between 5µm and 10µm (five to ten thousandth of a millimetre) long! Their microscopic size and the nature of their growth means that they can access areas that normal cleaning processes simply cannot reach. For example, they can penetrate deep into carpet fibres, into grouting and cracks between tiles and into other places such as downstream pipework and concealed drains, where it would be difficult, or impossible, for traditional cleaning processes to be effective. Left untreated these inaccessible areas would be significant sources of odour but bacteria will colonise them, forming biofilms and producing enzymes for the breakdown of organic matter and reduction of odours.

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Disinfection

Disinfectants kill undesirable micro-organisms on surfaces and our All Purpose Sanitiser, Kitchen Sanitiser and Foam Hand Sanitiser are based on naturally-derived technology – specifically on lactic acid produced by fermentation, combined with plant-derived surfactants. Lactic acid is an extremely effective disinfectant and has at least four mechanisms of action against bacteria, viruses and fungi. Depending on the target organism these are:

Damage to cell membranes, viral envelopes and cell walls, causing leakage of contents and eventual destruction of the cell or viral particle. Here we see lactic acid molecules damaging the outer envelope of a coronavirus, ultimately destroying the virus.
Damage to proteins, DNA and RNA
Preventing protein synthesis
Arresting energy production

Broad mechanisms of action mean that any form of microbial tolerance or resistance to the products is extremely unlikely and our products easily achieve the high rates of kill required to remove infectious doses and meet stringent EN standards.

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Odour Control

The majority of odours in kitchens, washrooms and similar environments are caused by the presence of organic matter, for example proteinaceous material and volatile fatty acids.

When beneficial bacteria are introduced into such areas they produce enzymes which break down organic matter into smaller, simpler compounds which they can then take into the cell and use for energy and growth. This can be considered to be how the bacteria “feed”. In this way, bacteria remove unpleasant odours at source, rather than just masking them.

Enzymes are not alive – they are proteins which speed up biological reactions. The bacterial species and strains used, and hence enzymes produced, are tailored to each application. For example, a product for kitchen floors would contain bacteria with a broad range of enzyme capabilities - producers of amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease, as a wide range of organic matter is to be expected. On the other hand a washroom product would focus on protease, to deal with protein in urine and other sources such as skin cells, plus uricase to break down uric acid which is a precursor to uric acid scale commonly found in toilet areas.

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We enchance our biological
technology with sustainably
sourced raw materials

Biotech products may employ sustainable ecotechnology ingredients to complement and support the bacteria.

All our products have Ecotechnology at their core. We replace traditional chemical-based cleaning agents with low aquatic toxicity, sustainable, biorenewable, plant-based alternatives. Using biorenewable alternatives avoids reliance on the petrochemical industry, which in turn provides significant CO2e savings and reduces pollution.

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Plant Derivatives

Free Enzymes

Fermentation products

Manufacturing by products

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How our strains work in
different settings

As we have seen, across Genus, Species and Strain, all bacteria are not the same and vary considerably in their abilities. Careful consideration must be given to the function that a biological product is designed to carry out and suitable species and strains selected for use in that product. For straightforward functions or where a particular strain has broad-ranging abilities, a single strain product may be sufficient. However for more complex applications, several strains may be required. For example, an effective grease degrader is likely to require several bacterial strains in order to effectively break down all types of fat, oil and grease that may be encountered, or for effective function over a range of temperatures and pH values. In addition these strains must be fully compatible. Our microbial strain bank now contains over 100 strains and we have carried out extensive testing over many years, to determine the exact abilities of each. This is how we select the correct species and strains, for each product.

Odour
Control

Disinfection

Deep
Cleaning

Bioaugmentation

Residual
Cleaning

Biodegradation

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Strain

A strain is a genetic variety or sub-type of a bacterial species. Hence although different strains of a species are extremely closely related, they will also show certain differences. Even strains of the same species may show very different abilities in terms of their use in biological products.

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Species

There may be one or a number of bacterial species within a genus, but not all will have the same abilities, and some species of an otherwise useful genus may be unsuitable.

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Genus

Bacteria are classified by genus, species and strain. A genus is a group of closely related species of bacteria. There are over 800 genera of bacteria but not all are suitable for use in biological products.

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Replacing harmful,
non-renewable chemicals with

adaptive biological technology

Welcome to the Biological Preperations immersive website.
Scroll through our journey, understand the science and our mission to replace harmful, non renewable chemical technology with environmentally, socially, and commercially beneficial solutions.

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